In bio-exposed UC patients, upadacitinib showed superior corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks (60.1%) vs tofacitinib (38.9%) and filgotinib (36.8%). Drug retention was also higher with upadacitinib. No significant differences were seen in endoscopic or histologic outcomes. These findings support upadacitinib as the most effective JAK inhibitor in real-world UC care.

In UC patients, tofacitinib was linked to a higher herpes zoster (HZ) risk than anti-TNF therapy (HR 2.28; IRR 2.36). HZ incidence was 30.7 vs 13 per 1,000 person-years, with cumulative 3-year risk of 9.9% vs 3.8% (p=0.014). Younger age and higher comorbidity scores also increased risk. Vaccination with recombinant zoster vaccine is advised for those on tofacitinib.

A study comparing insulin pump therapy to multiple daily injections in over 17,124 type 1 diabetic individuals found pumps lowered all-cause mortality by 28% (RR 0.72) and diabetic ketoacidosis by 15% (RR 0.85) over five-years. HbA1c reductions were similar in both groups (−5.3 vs. −4.5 mmol/mol). Pump users had higher diabetic retinopathy risk (RR 1.33).

A new diagnostic schema combining CT imaging, respiratory symptoms, and spirometry detected at-risk individuals missed by spirometry. Using new criteria, 15.4% were newly diagnosed with COPD and showed higher mortality (aHR 1.98), respiratory-specific mortality (3.58), and exacerbations (2.09). Conversely, 6.8% with airflow obstruction were reclassified as not having COPD and had outcomes similar to healthy peers.

A recent study highlighted limitations of BMI in detecting body composition deficits in patients (aged 5–20) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While only 4% showed low BMI, 26% had low lean mass (AppLSTMI-Z < −2). The risk was higher in Crohn's disease, Asian ethnicity (OR 3.77), elevated platelets (OR 1.76), disease activity, and glucocorticoid use—stressing the need for direct body composition assessment.

In T2DM patients, intravenous allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) infusion was safe and improved metabolic and inflammatory markers up to 12 months. HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA-IR significantly decreased, along with liver inflammation markers. The hs-CRP, eGFR, and creatinine levels improved, indicating reduced inflammation and improvement in early-stage chronic kidney disease.